Everything about Allied-administered Austria totally explained
In 1938 the
First Austrian Republic had become part of
Nazi Germany through an enforced annexation, the
Anschluss. The
Moscow Declaration of
1943 declared the
Anschluss null and void and so set the restoration of an independent Austrian state as one of aims of the
Allies.
Karl Renner had formed a Provisional Government in late April 1945 and it had, by declaration, separated Austria from Germany. Following the outbreak of peace, this government was very quickly recognised but Austria was still divided into four
Allied zones of occupation and
Vienna, which was enclosed by the Soviet Zone, was further divided into four, with an additional International Zone at its heart.
The Allied occupation of Austria ended in
1955 and sovereignty was restored via the
Austrian State Treaty.
History
The
Vienna Offensive ended on
13 April,
1945 with the Soviet capture of Vienna. Western Allied forces reached Austria a couple of weeks later. On
27 April,
1945 — almost two weeks before the
Nazi surrender on
May 8 — Austria was declared independent from the
Greater German Empire and the Second Austrian Republic was established.
At the end of the war, Austria and Vienna was divided into 4 zones of occupation, following the terms of the
Potsdam Conference. With the permission of the Soviet forces, a provisional government was established in Vienna on
April 29 and the first
post-war legislative election took place on
November 25,
1945.
Karl Renner, the first
Chancellor of post-World War One Austria, was appointed as Austria's first Chancellor, this appointment lasted until the end of 1945, when Renner became the first
President of the Second Republic.
On
May 15,
1955, the
Austrian State Treaty was signed, officially establishing Austrian independence and sovereignty. The treaty was enacted on
July 27 and the last Allied troops left the country on
25 October. On the following day,
26 October, the
Declaration of Neutrality was enacted, establishing Austria as a permanently
neutral country. For this reason,
October 26 is Austria's
national holiday.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Allied-administered Austria'.
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